Scale, Units, and Geolocation in Canadian Political Geography


Read time

7 min read

Published date

 Feb 9, 2026

Category

Machine Learning

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Scale, Units, and Geolocation in Canadian Political Geography

As survey samples grow larger, do political scientists have the appropriate tools to geolocate individuals for geographic analysis? What are the limitations of existing techniques and data linkage products, and how can they be improved? Region (Cochrane and Perrella 2012) and place type (Borwein and Lucas 2025) are key variables for explaining political behaviour in Canada and abroad (Taylor et al. 2023). This roundtable addresses the technical challenges of creating and working with functional geographic units in Canadian political science. The Post Code Conversion File (PCCF), created by Statistics Canada in partnership with Canada Post, is currently the standard method to link across geographic units, but it introduces challenges of its own: postal codes and sortation areas are not politically relevant geographies, and using them as the foundation for place-based research creates incomplete data, uneven linkages that produce systematic missingness, and incorrect sorting. We bring together scholars exploring alternative methods of creating and linking geographic units, discussing successes and challenges in improving upon or moving beyond the PCCF, and providing practical techniques for other researchers.

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